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Howard J. Zehr (born 2 July 1944) is an American criminologist. Zehr is considered to be a pioneer of the modern concept of restorative justice.〔Umbreit, Mark, Marilyn Peterson Armour.''Restorative Justice Dialogue – An Essential Guide for Research and Practice''. New York: Springer Publishing Co., 2011: 148.〕〔Van Ness, Daniel W., Karen Heetderks Strong. ''Restoring Justice – An Introduction to Restorative Justice''. 4th ed. New Province, N.J.: Matthew Bender & Co., Inc., 2010: 24.〕 He is currently the Distinguished Professor of Restorative Justice at Eastern Mennonite University's Center for Justice and Peacebuilding, and co-director of the Zehr Institute for Restorative Justice. ==Life== The son of a Mennonite church leader in the midwest, Howard Zehr was born in Freeport, Illinois, and raised through his elementary years in two other Illinois municipalities, Peoria and Fisher. His family moved to Indiana for his middle and high school years. He studied at two Mennonite institutions, for a year each – Goshen College in Indiana and Bethel College in Kansas – before finishing his undergraduate degree in European history at Morehouse College, an all-male liberal arts college that is historically black, in Atlanta, Georgia.〔Full curriculum vitae of Howard Zehr, Zehr Institute for Restorative Justice website (). Retrieved 14 Oct. 2013.〕 Zehr was the first white to earn a B.A. from Morehouse when he graduated in 1966.〔("Famous Alumni of Morehouse College." ) Web, retrieved 8 Oct. 2013.〕 Thanks to the school’s then-Morehouse College president Dr. Benjamin Mays, Zehr was able to complete his schooling through a minority scholarship that Mays assisted him in securing; Zehr graduated second in his class.〔Christian, Margena A. "(What Will Happen To Me? Restorative Justice Pioneer Takes Look At Impact of Parental Incarceration on Children )," Ebony, Jan. 2012. Web version, retrieved 8 Oct. 2013.〕 He earned an M.A. in European history at the University of Chicago in 1967 and a Ph.D. in modern European history from Rutgers University in 1974. From 1971 to 1978, he taught at Talladega College in Alabama. He then left academia to do grassroots work, directing a half-way house in 1978 in Elkhart, Indiana, and becoming the founder and director (1978-1982) of an Elkhart County program now called the Center for Community Justice.〔 Through this program, Zehr directed the first victim-offender reconciliation program in the United States.〔 For 17 years, 1979-1996, Zehr directed the Office on Crime and Justice under Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) in Akron, PA.〔 While with MCC, Zehr began doing photojournalism, producing professional-quality photographs that were published in MCC journals and books, such as ''A Dry Roof and a Cow – Dreams and Portraits of Our Neighbors'' (Akron, Pa: MCC, 1984). As of 2013, he had five photography-centered books to his name, all published by Good Books of Intercourse, Pa.: ''Doing Life: Reflections of Men and Women Serving Life Without Parole'' (1996; Japanese edition, 2006); ''Transcending – Reflections of Crime Victims'' (2001; Japanese edition, 2006); ''The Little Book of Contemplative Photography'' (2005); ''What Will Happen to Me?,'' about the children of prisoners (2010); ''Pickups: A Love Story'' (2013), a light-hearted look at pickup trucks and their owners. "Your ability to listen and your respect for human beings, whether they are victims or offenders, is vividly expressed in your two books of photographs and interviews, ''Transcending – Reflections of Crime Victims'', and ''Doing Life – Reflections of Men and Women Serving Life Sentences''," said Thomas J. Porter, JD, executive director of JUSTPEACE Center for Mediation and Conflict Transformation at Hamline University in a ceremony announcing a "lifetime achievement award" for Zehr.〔Porter, Thomas. Journal of Law and Religion, Lifetime Achievement Award Ceremony for Zehr, 5 Oct. 2006. PDF, law.hamline.edu, retrieved 8 Oct. 2013.〕 An Ebony magazine reporter wrote: "Howard Zehr, the restorative justice pioneer recognized for building bridges for the voiceless, calls them (children of prisoners ) hidden victims. His latest book, ''What Will Happen To Me?'', places the lens on 30 children whose parents are behind bars. It allows each to be heard as he or she shares thoughts and reflections... The truth of the matter is that approximately 3 million children go to bed with a parent in prison or jail."〔 Since 1996, Zehr has been a faculty member of Eastern Mennonite University, based at EMU’s Center for Justice and Peacebuilding. He served as the center’s co-director for five years, 2002-2007. He stepped away from full-time teaching and became co-director of the Zehr Institute for Restorative Justice in 2012.〔Lofton, Bonnie Price. "(JMU's Gandhi Center honors Howard Zehr and Vida Huber )." 20 Sept. 2014. Web, retrieved 8 Oct. 2014〕 Zehr is a past member of the Victims Advisory Groups of the United States Sentencing Commission and has taught courses and workshops in restorative justice to more than 1,000 people, many of whom lead their own restorative justice-focused organizations. Representatives of the Council for Restorative Justice at Georgia State University, Youth Justice Initiative in Iowa, and Mediation Northern Ireland are among the leaders Zehr has taught.〔James Madison University News.("Gandhi Center award recognizes Zehr, Huber." ) 4 Oct. 2014. Web, retrieved 8 Oct. 2014.〕〔Lofton, Bonnie Price. "Ending 30 Years of Mayhem: Lessons from Northern Ireland," Peacebuilder Magazine, Spring-summer 2009. Print and web versions, https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/issues/spring-summer-2009/. Retrieved 14 Oct. 2013.〕 He has given restorative justice presentations in 35 states and 25 countries. His impact has been especially significant in the United States, Brazil, Japan, Jamaica, Northern Ireland, Britain, Ukraine, and New Zealand, a country that has restructured its juvenile justice system into a family-focused, restorative approach.〔Zehr, Howard. Personnel page, Eastern Mennonite University. http://www.emu.edu/personnel/people/show/zehrh. Retrieved 14 Oct. 2013.〕〔Lofton, Bonnie Price. "(JMU's Gandhi Center honors Howard Zehr and Vida Huber )." 20 Sept. 2014. Web, retrieved 8 Oct. 2014.〕 The impact of New Zealand's restorative approach is outlined in ''The Little Book of Family Group Conferences, New Zealand Style,'' co-authored by Zehr.〔MacRae, Allan, Howard Zehr. ''The Little Book of Family Group Conferences, New Zealand Style''. Intercourse, Pa: Good Books, 2004.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Howard Zehr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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